Organizational Citizenship Behaviour: A Quantitative Examination of US Telecom Telecommuters

  IJCOT-book-cover
 
International Journal of Computer & Organization Trends  (IJCOT)          
 
© 2016 by IJCOT Journal
Volume - 6 Issue - 5
Year of Publication : 2016
Authors :  Samuel Ogbonnaya. Ude
DOI : 10.14445/22492593/IJCOT-V36P301

Citation

Samuel Ogbonnaya. Ude"Organizational Citizenship Behaviour: A Quantitative Examination of US Telecom Telecommuters", International Journal of Computer & organization Trends (IJCOT), V6(5):1-10 Sep - Oct 2016, ISSN:2249-2593, www.ijcotjournal.org. Published by Seventh Sense Research Group.

Abstract Telecommuting innovate telecom organizations towards reduction in cost of operations. I examined correlational relationship between employees support for creativity and innovation as exemplified by the use of telecommuting in telecom environment, organizational commitment, and organizational citizenship behaviour. Moreover, this study was explained in context of diffusion of innovation theory. To examine the hypothesis in the study, I used the data from 324 randomly sampled telecom telecommuters to conduct a multiple regression analysis between the variables in the study. The results from the multiple linear regression were significant in predicting employee organizational citizenship behaviour. The findings indicated that Support for creativity and innovation, and organizational commitment were significant contributors to employees’ organizational citizenship behaviour. The implications for change are also discussed.

References

[1] Cooke, G. B., Chowhan, J., & Cooper, T. (2014). Dialing it in: A missed opportunity regarding the strategic use of telework? Industrial Relations, 69, 550-574.
[2] Torten, R., Reaiche, C., & Caraballo, E. L. (2016). Teleworking in the new millennium. Journal of Developing Areas, 50, 317-326.
[3] Trkman, P., Jerman Blazic, B., & Turk, T. (2008). Factors of broadband development and the design of a strategic policy framework. Telecommunications Policy, 32(2), 101- 115
[4] Rocco, D. A. (2014). Telecommuting as a reasonable accommodation: A remote possibility? Employee Relations Law Journal, 40(3), 48-52.
[5] Honan, M. (2015). Mobile work: Ergonomics in a rapidly changing work environment. Work, 52, 289-301.
[6] Crandall, W., & Longge, G. (2005). An update on telecommuting: Review and prospects for emerging issues. SAM Advanced Management Journal,70(3), 30-37.
[7] Bloom, N., Liang, J., Roberts, J., & Ying, Z. J. (2015). Does working from home work? Evidence from a Chinese experiment*. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 130(1), 165-218
[8] Kossek, E. E., Thompson, R. J., & Lautsch, B. A. (2015). Balanced workplace flexibility: Avoiding the traps. California Management Review, 57(4), 5-25.
[9] Taskin L & Devos, V. (2005). Paradoxes from the individualization of human resource management: The case of telework. Journal of Business Ethics 62 (1):13-24.
[10] Anderson, A. J., Kaplan, S. A., & Vega, R. P. (2015). The impact of telework on emotional experience: When, and for whom, does telework improve daily affective wellbeing? European Journal of Work & Organizational Psychology, 24, 882-897.
[11] Bailey, D. E., & Kurland, N. B. (2002). A review of telework research: Findings, new directions, and lessons for the study of modern work. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23, 383-400.
[12] Saunders, B. (1979). Have we lost our way? Management Services, 23(11), 4-6.
[13] Séamas, K., & Camilla, N. (2008). Anxiety and psychological security in offshoring relationships: the role and development of trust as emotional commitment. Journal of Information Technology (Palgrave Macmillan), 23(4), 232-248.
[14] Caniëls, M. C., & Rietzschel, E. F. (2015). Organizing creativity: Creativity and innovation under constraints. Creativity & Innovation Management, 24(2), 184-196.
[15] Ciriaci, D., Moncada-Paternò-Castello, P., & Voigt, P. (2016). Innovation and job creation: a sustainable relation?. Eurasian Business Review, 6(2), 189-213.
[16] Roskes, M. (2015). Constraints that help or hinder creative performance: A motivational approach. Creativity & Innovation Management, 24(2), 197-206.
[17] Fay, D., Shipton, H., West, M. A., & Patterson, M. (2015). Teamwork and organizational innovation: The moderating role of the HRM context. Creativity & Innovation Management, 24(2), 261-277.
[18] Amabile, T. M., & Conti, R. (1999). Changes in the work environment for creativity during downsizing. Academy of Management Journal, 42(6), 630-640.
[19] Damanpour, F., & Schneider, M. (2006). Phases of the adoption of innovation in organizations: Effects of environment, organization and top managers. British Journal of Management, 17(3), 215-236.
[20] van de Ven, A. H. (1986). Central problems in the management of innovation. Management Science, 32(5), 590-607.
[21] Bogdanowicz, M. (2014). Organizational culture as a source of competitive advantage: Case study of a telecommunication company in Poland. Contemporary Management Quarterly, 13(3), 53-66.
[22] Jay Na, L., Schultmann, F., & Ofori, G. (2010). Tailoring competitive advantages derived from innovation to the needs of construction firms. Journal of Construction Engineering & Management, 136(5), 568-580.
[23] Magdalena, P. (2015). Innovation generation process and its determinants. Contemporary Management Quarterly, 14(1), 51-66.
[24] Vertès, A. A. (2012). Syndicate innovation venturing: Translating academic innovations into commercial successes. Challenges, 3(2), 70-83.
Donnelly, N., & Proctor-Thomson, S. B. (2015). Disrupted work: home-based teleworking (HbTW) in the aftermath of a natural disaster. New Technology, Work & Employment, 30(1), 47-61.
[25] Donnelly, N., & Proctor-Thomson, S. B. (2015). Disrupted work: home-based teleworking (HbTW) in the aftermath of a natural disaster. New Technology, Work & Employment, 30(1), 47-61.
[26] McNaughton, D., Rackensperger, T., Dorn, D., & Wilson, N. (2014). "Home is at work and work is at home": Telework and individuals who use augmentative and alternative communication. Work, 48(1), 117-126.
[27] Stetler, K. L., & Magnusson, M. (2015). Exploring the tension between clarity and ambiguity in goal setting for Innovation. Creativity & Innovation Management, 24(2), 231-246.
[28] Gajendran, R. S., Harrison, D. A., & Delaney-Klinger, K. (2015). Are telecommuters remotely good citizens? Unpacking telecommuting`s effects on performance via ideals and job resources. Personnel Psychology, 68, 353- 393.
[29] Lantz Friedrich, A., Sjöberg, A., & Friedrich, P. (2016). Leaned teamwork fattens workplace innovation: the relationship between task complexity, team learning and team proactivity. European Journal of Work & Organizational Psychology, 25, 561-569.
[30] Junghwan, L., Hangjung, Z., & Hwansoo, L. (2014). Smart learning adoption in employees and HRD managers. British Journal of Educational Technology, 45(6), 1082- 1096.
[31] Kiazad, K., Seibert, S. E., & Kraimer, M. L. (2014). Psychological contract breach and employee innovation: A conservation of resources perspective. Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology, 87(3), 535- 556.
[32] Montani, F., Odoardi, C., & Battistelli, A. (2014). Individual and contextual determinants of innovative work behaviour: Proactive goal generation matters. Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology, 87, 645-670.
[33] Sivasubramanian, N., Aktharsha, U. S., & Mohamed, M. S. (2015). A study report on motivational challenges experienced in scientific and project oriented organizations with respect to knowledge management. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Approach & Studies, 2(5), 68- 73.
[34] Coldwell, D. L., & Callaghan, C. W. (2014). Specific organizational citizenship behaviours and organizational effectiveness: The development of a conceptual heuristic device. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 44, 347-367.
[35] Mackenzie, S. B., Podsakoff, P. M., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2011). Challenge-oriented organizational citizenship behaviors and organizational effectiveness: do challengeoriented behaviors really have an impact on the organization`s bottom line? Personnel Psychology, 64(3), 559-592.
[36] Kesen, M. (2016). Linking organizational identification with individual creativity: Organizational citizenship behavior as a mediator. Journal of Yasar University, 11(41), 56-66.
[37] Fatima, M., Shafique, M., Qadeer, F., & Ahmad, R. (2015). HR practices and employee performance relationship in higher education: Mediating role of job embeddedness, perceived organizational support and trust. Pakistan Journal of Statistics & Operation Research, 11, 421-439.
[38] West, R. (2014). Communities of innovation: Individual, group, and organizational characteristics leading to greater potential for innovation. Techtrends: Linking Research & Practice to Improve Learning, 58(5), 53-61.
[39] Tillman, C. J., Lawrence, E. R., & Daspit, J. J. (2014). A tale of perception: The role of perceived intent on OCBs and interpersonal relationships. Journal of Behavioral & Applied Management, 15(3), 168-189
[40] Bateman, T. S., & Organ, D. W. (1983). Job satisfaction and the good soldier: The relationship between affect and employee "citizenship". Academy of Management Journal, 26(4), 587-595.
[41] King, E. D., George, J. M., & Hebl, M. R. (2005). Linking personality to helping behaviors at work: An interactional perspective. Journal of Personality, 73, 585–607.
[42] Mossholder, K. W., Richardson, H. A., & Settoon, R. P. (2011). Human resource systems and helping in organizations: A relational perspective. Academy of Management Review, 36, 33–52.
[43] Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B., & Bachrach, D. G. (2000). Organizational citizenship behaviors: A critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. Journal of Management, 26(3): 513-563
[44] van Dyne, L., & LePine, J. A. (1998). Helping and voice extra-role behaviors: Evidence of construct and predictive validity. Academy of Management Journal, 41, 108– 119.
[45] Gálvez, A., Martínez, M. J., & Pérez, C. (2011). Telework and work-life balance: some dimensions for organisational change. Journal of Workplace Rights, 16(3/4), 273-297.
[46] Masuda, A. D., Poelmans, S. A., Allen, T. D., Spector, P. E., Lapierre, L. M., Cooper, C. L., & ... Moreno-Velazquez, I. (2012). Flexible work arrangements availability and their relationship with work-to-family conflict, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions: A comparison of three country clusters. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 61(1), 1-29.
[47] Somech, A., & Drach-zahavy, A. (2004). Exploring organizational citizenship behaviour from an organizational perspective: The relationship between organizational learning and organizational citizenship behaviour. Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology, 77(3), 281-298.
[48] Naranjo-Valencia, J. C., Jiménez-Jiménez, D., & Sanz- Valle, R. (2016). Studying the links between organizational culture, innovation, and performance in Spanish companies. Revista Latinoamericana De Psicología, 48(1), 30-41.
[49] Duffy, J. A., & Lilly, J. (2013). Do individual needs moderate the relationships between organizational citizenship behavior, organizational trust and perceived organizational support? Journal of Behavioral & Applied Management, 14(3), 185-197.
[50] Khan, A., Masrek, M. N., & Nadzar, F. M. (2015). Analysis of competencies, job satisfaction and organizational commitment as indicators of job performance: A conceptual framework. Education for Information, 31(3), 125-141.
[51] Su-Yueh, C., Wen-Chuan, W., Ching-Sheng, C., Chia-Tzu, L., Jung-Yuan, K., Hui-Ching, W., & ... Shu-I, L. (2015). Organizational justice, trust, and identification and their effects on organizational commitment in hospital nursing staff. BMC Health Services Research, 15(1), 1-17.
[52] Messmann, G., & Mulder, R. H. (2014). Exploring the role of target specificity in the facilitation of vocational teachers` innovative work behaviour. Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology, 87(1), 80-101.
[53] Peralta, C. F., Lopes, P. N., Gilson, L. L., Lourenço, P. R., & Pais, L. (2015). Innovation processes and team effectiveness: The role of goal clarity and commitment, and team affective tone. Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology, 88(1), 80-107.
[54] Brockner, J., Senior, D., & Welch, W. (2014). Corporate volunteerism, the experience of self-integrity, and organizational commitment: Evidence from the field. Social Justice Research, 27(1), 1-23.
[55] Jia A, H., & Liden, R. C. (2015). Making a difference in the teamwork: Linking team prosocial motivation to team processes and effectiveness. Academy of Management Journal, 58(4), 1102-1127.
[56] Tripathy, J. P., Goel, S., & Kumar, A. V. (2016). Measuring and understanding motivation among community health workers in rural health facilities in India-a mixed method study. BMC Health Services Research, 161-10.
[57] Jain, R., & Jain, S. (2015). Organizational justice climate & organizational citizenship behavior in Indian banks. Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 50(4), 613-624.
[58] Randhawa, G., & Kaur, K. (2015). An empirical assessment of impact of organizational climate on organizational citizenship behavior. Paradigm, 19(1), 65- 78.
[59] Spieth, P., Schneckenberg, D., & Ricart, J. E. (2014, June). Business model innovation - state of the art and future challenges for the field. R&D Management. pp. 237-247.
[60] Wei, Z., Yang, D., Sun, B., & Gu, M. (2014). The fit between technological innovation and business model design for firm growth: evidence from China. R&D Management, 44(3), 288-305.
[61] Mascia, D., Björk, J., & Magnusson, M. G. (2012). Organizing ideation, creativity and innovation: The role of social networks. Creativity & Innovation Management, 21(4), 458-459.
[62] Khavul, S., Peterson, M., Mullens, D., & Rasheed, A. A. (2010). Going global with innovations from emerging economies: Investment in customer support capabilities pays off. Journal of International Marketing, 18(4), 22-42.
[63] Robeson, D., & O`Connor, G. C. (2013). Boards of directors, innovation, and performance: An exploration at multiple levels. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 30(4), 608-625.
[64] Kumar, V. (2014). Understanding cultural differences in innovation: A conceptual framework and future research directions. Journal of International Marketing, 22(3), 1-29.
[65] Holtgrewe, U. (2014). New technologies: the future and the present of work in information and communication technology. New Technology, Work & Employment, 29(1), 9-24.
[66] Lou, Z., Bouwen, J., Willaert, K., Van Broeck, S., Van den Broeck, M., Zubic, S., & ... Dams, D. (2012). PresenceScape: Virtual world mediated rich communication. Bell Labs Technical Journal, 16, 219-242.
[67] Kelly, M. M. (1988). The work-at-home revolution. Futurist, 22, 28.
[68] Dahlstrom, T. R. (2013). Telecommuting and leadership style. Public Personnel Management, 42, 438-451.
[69] Duxbury, L., & Halinski, M. (2014). When more is less: An examination of the relationship between hours in telework and role overload. Work, 48(1), 91-103.
[70] Noonan, M. C., & Glass, J. L. (2012). The hard truth about telecommuting. Monthly Labor Review, 135(6), 38-45.
[71] O`Leary, M. B., & Mortensen, M. (2010). Go (Con)figure: Subgroups, imbalance, and isolates in geographically dispersed teams. Organization Science, 21(1), 115-131
[72] Brittany, H. M., & MacDonnell, R. (2012). Is telework effective for organizations? Management Research Review, 35, 602-616.
[73] Bipp, T. (2010). What do people want from their jobs? The Big Five, core self-evaluations and work motivation. International Journal of Selection & Assessment, 18(1), 28-39.
[74] Brunetto, Y., Xerri, M., Shriberg, A., Farr-Wharton, R., Shacklock, K., Newman, S., & Dienger, J. (2013). The impact of workplace relationships on engagement, wellbeing, commitment and turnover for nurses in Australia and the USA. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 69, 2786-2799.
[75] Clark, T., Kokko, H., & White, S. J. (2012). Trust: An essential element of leaders and managers. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 69(11), 928-930.
[76] Holtzhausen, L., & Fourie, L. (2011). Employees` perceptions of institutional values and employer-employee relationships at the North-West University. Journal of Public Affairs, 11(4), 243-254.
[77] Hunton, J. E. (2005). Behavioral self-regulation of telework locations: Interrupting interruptions! Journal of Information Systems, 19(2), 111-140.
[78] Kurland, N. B., & Egan, T. D. (1999). Telecommuting: Justice and control in the virtual organization. Organization Science, 10, 500-513.
[79] Overby, E. (2008). Process virtualization theory and the impact of information technology. Organization Science, 19(2), 277-291.
[80] Staples, D. S., Hulland, J. S., & Higgins, C. A. (1999). A self-efficacy theory explanation for the management of remote workers in virtual organizations. Organization Science, 10, 758-776.
[81] Vayre, E., & Pignault, A. (2014). A systemic approach to interpersonal relationships and activities among French teleworkers. New Technology, Work & Employment, 29(2),177-192.
[82] Ye, L. R. (2012). Telecommuting: Implementation for success. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(15) Retrieved from www.ijbssnet.com [83] Barnes, S. (2012). The differential impact of ICT on employees: narratives from a hi-tech organization. New Technology, Work & Employment, 27(2), 120-132.
[84] Dello Russo, S., Vecchione, M., & Borgogni, L. (2013). Commitment profiles, job satisfaction, and behavioral outcomes. Applied psychology: An International Review, 62(4), 701-719.
[85] Eberl, P., Clement, U., & Möller, H. (2012). Socialising employees` trust in the organisation: an exploration of apprentices` socialisation in two highly trusted companies. Human Resource Management Journal, 22, 343-359.
[86] Poon, J. L. (2013). Relationships among perceived career support, affective commitment, and work engagement. International Journal of Psychology, 48(6), 1148-1155.
[87] Sora, B., De Cuyper, N., Caballer, A., Peiró, J. M., & De Witte, H. (2013). Outcomes of job insecurity climate: The role of climate strength. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 62(3), 382-405.
[88] Birkinshaw, J., & Duke, L. (2013). Employee-led innovation. Business Strategy Review, 24(2), 46-51.
[89] Jiao, H., & Zhao, G. (2014). When will employees embrace managers` technological innovations? The mediating effects of employees` perceptions of fairness on their willingness to accept change and its legitimacy. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 31, 780-798.
[90] Jyoti, J., Gupta, P., & Kotwal, S. (2011). Impact of knowledge management practices on innovative capacity: A study of telecommunication sector. Vision, 15(4), 315- 330.
[91] Manso, G. (2011). Motivating innovation. Journal of Finance, 66(5), 1823-1860.
[92] Wendelken, A., Danzinger, F., Rau, C., & Moeslein, K. M. (2014). Innovation without me: why employees do (not) participate in organizational innovation communities. R&D Management, 44(2), 217-236.
[93] Mohamed, M. S., & Anisa, H. (2012). Relationship between organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior. IUP Journal of Organizational Behavior, 11(3), 7-22.
[94] Jasrai, L. (2014). Measuring mobile telecom service innovativeness among youth: An application of domainspecific innovativeness scale. Paradigm, 18(1), 103-116.
[95] Kapoor, K. K., Dwivedi, Y. K., & Williams, M. D. (2014). Examining consumer acceptance of green innovations using innovation characteristics: A conceptual approach. International Journal of Technology Management & Sustainable Development, 13(2), 135-160.
[96] Liebe, J. D., Hüsers, J., Hübner, U., & Liebe, J. (2016). Investigating the roots of successful IT adoption processes - an empirical study exploring the shared awarenessknowledge of Directors of Nursing and Chief Information Officers. BMC Medical Informatics & Decision Making, 16, 1-13.
[97] Majumdar, S. K., & Chang, H. (2013). Regulations and technology diffusion: Cross subsidies and digital infrastructure creation. Annals of Public & Cooperative Economics, 84(2), 159-178.
[98] Olstad, D. L., Campbell, E. J., Raine, K. D., & Nykiforuk, C. I. (2015). A multiple case history and systematic review of adoption, diffusion, implementation and impact of provincial daily physical activity policies in Canadian schools. BMC Public Health, 15, 385-409.
[99] Radisic, S., & Newbold, K. B. (2016). Factors influencing health care and service providers` and their respective "at risk" populations` adoption of the Air Quality Health Index (AQHI): a qualitative study. BMC Health Services Research, 161-11.
[100] Bawa, P. (2014). Factors influencing the acceptance of 3G technology in Ludhiana (Punjab) - An empirical study. BVIMR Management Edge, 7(1), 71-77.
[101] Frattini, F., Bianchi, M., Massis, A., & Sikimic, U. (2014). The role of early adopters in the diffusion of new Products: Differences between platform and nonplatform innovations. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 31, 466-488.
[102] Mergel, I., & Bretschneider, S. I. (2013). A three-stage adoption process for social media use in government. Public Administration Review, 73, 390-400.
[103] Brunswicker, S., & Hutschek, U. (2010). Crossing horizons: Leveraging cross-industry innovation search in the frontend of the innovation process. International Journal of Innovation Management, 14(4), 683-702.
[104] Comin, D., & Hobijn, B. (2010). An exploration of technology diffusion. American Economic Review, 100, 2031-2059.
[105] Flight, R. L., Allaway, A. W., Wan-Min, K., & D`Souza, G. (2011). A Study of perceived innovation characteristics across cultures and stages of diffusion. Journal of Marketing Theory & Practice, 19(1), 109-126.
[106] Flight, R. L., & Palmer, R. J. (2013). Organizational structure and intra-firm innovation diffusion. Marketing Management Journal, 23(2), 35-57.
[107] Katona, Z., Zubcsek, P. P., & Sarvary, M. (2011). Network effects and personal influences: The diffusion of an online social network. Journal of Marketing Research, 48(3), 425- 443.
[108] Simsek, Z., Heavey, C., & Jansen, J. P. (2013). Journal impact as a diffusion process: A conceptualization and the case of the journal of management studies. Journal of Management Studies, 50, 1374-1407.
[109] Brexendorf, T., Bayus, B., & Keller, K. (2015). Understanding the interplay between brand and innovation management: findings and future research directions. Journal of The Academy of Marketing Science, 43, 548-557.
[110] Carrillo, J. E., Druehl, C., & Hsuan, J. (2015). Introduction to innovation within and across Borders: A review and future directions. Decision Sciences, 46(2), 225-265.
[111] Colombo, G., Dell`Era, C., & Frattini, F. (2015). Exploring the contribution of innovation intermediaries to the new product development (NPD) process: a typology and an empirical study. R&D Management, 45(2), 126-146.
[112] Reid, S. E., Roberts, D., & Moore, K. (2015). Technology vision for radical innovation and its impact on early success. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 32(4), 593-609.
[113] Claudy, M., Garcia, R., & O`Driscoll, A. (2015). Consumer resistance to innovation-a behavioral reasoning perspective. Journal of The Academy of Marketing Science, 43(4), 528- 544.
[114] Heidenreich, S., & Spieth, P. (2013). Why innovations fail: The case of passive and active innovation resistance. International Journal of Innovation Management, 17(5), -1.
[115] Talke, K., & Heidenreich, S. (2014). How to overcome pro-change bias: Incorporating passive and active innovation resistance in innovation decision models. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 31, 894-907.
[116] Zsifkovits, M., & Günther, M. (2015). Simulating resistances in innovation diffusion over multiple generations: an agent-based approach for fuel-cell vehicles. Central European Journal of Operations Research, 23, 501-522.
[117] Adkins, C. L., & Premeaux, S. A. (2014). The use of communication technology to manage work-home boundaries. Journal of Behavioral & Applied Management, 15(2), 82-100.
[118] Jha, S. (2009). Determinants of organizational citizenship behaviour: A review of literature. Journal of Management & Public Policy, 1(1), 33-42.
[119] Msweli-Mbanga, P., & Potwana, N. (2006). Modelling participation, resistance to change, and organisational citizenship behaviour: A South African case. South African Journal of Business Management, 37(1), 21-29.
[120] Randhawa, G., & Kaur, K. (2014). Organizational climate and its correlates. Journal of Management Research, 14(1), 25-40.
[121] Turnipseed, P. H., & Turnipseed, D. L. (2013). Testing the proposed linkage between organizational citizenship behaviours and an innovative organizational climate. Creativity & Innovation Management, 22(2), 209-216.
[122] Hafidz, S. W. M.1, Hoesni, S. M.1 & Fatimah, O. (2012). The relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and counterproductive work behavior. Asian Social Science, 8, 9.
[123] Ancarani, A., Mauro, C. D., & Giammanco, M. D. (2011). Patient satisfaction, managers` climate orientation and organizational climate. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 31, 224-250.
[124] Carol, Y.L., & Feng-Chuan, L. (2012). A cross-level analysis of organizational creativity climate and perceived innovation. European Journal of Innovation Management, 15, 55-76.
[125] Siegel, S. M., & Kaemmerer, W. F. (1978). Measuring the perceived support for innovation in organizations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63, 553-562
[126] Dhammika, K. A. S., Ahmad, F. B., & Sam, T. L. (2012). Job satisfaction, commitment and performance: Testing the goodness of measures of three employee outcomes. South Asian Journal of Management, 19, 7-22
[127] Brezavscek, A., Sparl, P., & Znidarsic, A. (2014). Extended technology acceptance model for SPSS acceptance among Slovenian students of social sciences. Organizacija, 47, 116-127
[128] Pallant, J. (2009). SPSS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS for windows (3rd ed.). Berkshire, England: McGraw-Hill.
[129] Ringim, K. J., Razalli, M. R., & Hasnan, N. (2012). A framework of business process re-engineering factors and organizational performance of Nigerian banks. Asian Social Science, 8, 203-216.
[130] Carlfjord, S., Andersson, A., Nilsen, P., Bendtsen, P., & Lindberg, M. (2010). The importance of organizational climate and implementation strategy at the introduction of a new working tool in primary health care. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 16, 1326-1332.
[131] Jing-Chuan, L., Chih-Lien, W., Li-Chih, Y., & Shu-Hsuan, C. (2016). The effects of perceived support for creativity on individual creativity of design-majored students: a multiple-mediation model of savoring. Journal of Baltic Science Education, 15(2), 232-245.
[132] Tsai, H., Liou, S., Hsiao, Y., & Cheng, C. (2013). The relationship of individual characteristics, perceived worksite support and perceived creativity to clinical nurses` innovative outcome. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 22, 2648- 2657.
[133] Bentley, T., Teo, S., McLeod, L., Tan, F., Bosua, R., & Gloet, M. (2016). The role of organizational support in teleworker wellbeing: a socio-technical systems approach. Applied Ergonomics, 52, 207-215.
[134] Mogotsi, I. C., Boon, J. A., & Fletcher, L. (2011). Modelling the relationships between knowledge sharing, organizational citizenship, job satisfaction and organizational commitment among school teachers in Botswana. African Journal of Library, Archives & Information Science, 21(1), 41-58
[135] Gautam, T., Van Dick, R., Wagner, U., Upadhyay, N., & Davis, A. J. (2005). Organizational citizenship behavior and organizational commitment in Nepal. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 8(3), 305-314.
[136] Cohen, A., & Liu, Y. (2011). Relationships between in-role performance and individual values, commitment, and organizational citizenship behavior among Israeli teachers. International Journal of Psychology, 46(4), 271-287.
[137] Huang, C., You, C., & Tsai, M. (2012). A multidimensional analysis of ethical climate, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and organizational citizenship behaviors. Nursing Ethics, 19, 513-529.

Keywords
Telecommuting, Innovation, Diffusion, Employees’ Commitment, Organizational behaviour.